Terrorism is an offensive action which violates human rights and always invades to people’ s rights. Given the high incidence of this type of global action and the widespread violations of human rights and peace and security, countering terrorism will be important. The existence of financial resources is an essential element of terrorism and Preemptive measures and their success in blocking financial aids to terrorists shows the importance of monetary resources in funding and managing terrorist groups. Financing is a necessary prelude for terrorism and without necessary funds the terrorist groups are not capable of executing their illegitimate ends. The importance of this component is such that the terrorist groups carry out numerous legal and illegal activities in line with the funding they need. Given the fundamentals of the role of financial resources in the occurrence of terrorism, these resources play a decisive role in the fight against terrorism and by fixing preventive measures on this important pillar and by creating a barrier to the financing of the terrorists, an important issue is to prevent and reduce terrorism successfully. Therefore, preventive measures can be taken in the forms of banking and non-banking measures to counter the financing of terrorism and subsequent counteraction to terrorism.

Antibiotic resistance (AR) has become a significant worldwide public health concern in the twenty-first century. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses, acquire genetic changes that make them resistant to antimicrobial drugs, including antibiotics. AMR, often known as the "Silent Pandemic," requires prompt and persistent intervention instead of postponement. Failure in preventative measures will result in AMR being the primary cause of mortality worldwide. In the fight against multidrug-resistant bacteria to halt antibiotic resistance, conventional techniques for developing drugs are expensive and take a long time, however AI systems can rapidly scan through extensive chemical libraries and forecast possible antibacterial substances. Considering the sluggish progress of ongoing antibiotic research, it is essential to accelerate the advancement of novel antibiotics and supplementary treatments. The acceleration is essential for effectively tackling the increasing health risk caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, so guaranteeing that we maintain an advantage in combating these developing threats. The use of AI in medical research has significant promise, particularly in addressing multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections to battle AMR. This study focuses on the effective applications of AI in addressing AMR and its potential to benefit humanity. It covers the fundamental concepts of AI, the resources now available for AI, its uses and scope, as well as its benefits and limits.AI algorithms also consistently observe antibiotic usage, occurrences of diseases, and trends of resistance. This review examines the AI to identify AMR markers, diagnosis in AMR, small molecule antibiotic development and also emphasizes emerging research domains, such as AMR detection and novel medication development, that contribute to the management of AMR.

Determining and collecting the taxable income is governed by certain rules and regulations. The purpose of these laws and regulations is to regulate the person's relationship as a taxpayer and the state as the tax catcher. Generally, when the government plays a key role in doing things, the inefficiency and corruption will also be created. The corruption in the public sector or misuse of the state's position for personal gain, can destroy the economic prospects of a country and degenerate the public organizations and distrusting people towards the state and government institutions. Therefore preventing with corruption plays an important role in the optimal allocation of resources, increasing the investment, employment and general welfare and consequently strengthens the foundations of government and increases the trust of the people to the government. Accordingly, the fight against corruption in the country's tax system requires accurate knowledge of the corruption and its causes. Regarding the importance of a healthy tax system and its effects on government tax income, this study examines the concept of tax corruption and legal barriers to dealing with it. One of the main ways of increasing the effectiveness of the tax system along with the development of culture and using the non-penal mechanisms is the reviewing and reforming the penal system in this field. However, for this purpose, the penal system of Iran needs to reviewing and reforming regarding the tax system in the process of strengthening the penal sanction.

This article aims to explore the various legal strategies employed to combat fake news and misinformation, examining the complexities and challenges inherent in these approaches. It seeks to identify effective measures and provide a comprehensive understanding of how law and policy can evolve to address the pervasive issue of misinformation in the digital age. Employing a qualitative research design, this study relies on semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 23 participants, including legal experts, policymakers, and digital platform operators. The interviews were designed to achieve theoretical saturation, ensuring a robust exploration of the subject. Data were analyzed thematically, focusing on identifying key themes, categories, and concepts related to legal strategies against fake news. Four main themes emerged from the analysis: Legal Frameworks, Challenges in Legal Enforcement, Role of Digital Platforms, and Impacts of Legal Strategies. Each theme encompasses several categories with associated concepts, revealing a complex landscape of strategies ranging from constitutional considerations and digital regulation to the ethical challenges of enforcement and the societal impacts of legal measures against misinformation. The study concludes that combating fake news and misinformation requires a multifaceted approach that goes beyond traditional legal remedies. Effective strategies must include enhancing public cognitive resilience, promoting critical media literacy, and ensuring digital platforms' accountability and transparency. Collaboration among stakeholders across legal, educational, and technological domains is crucial for developing resilient legal frameworks that can adapt to the evolving nature of misinformation.